Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a condition that causes small blood vessels in the skin, joints, intestines, and kidneys to become inflamed and bleed. It is most common in children but can also affect adults. The exact cause of HSP is unknown, but it often follows an upper respiratory infection or a pharyngitis. Here are some of the common symptoms of HSP:
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1. Skin rash
The most common symptom of HSP is a skin rash, which may appear as small, raised purple spots or larger bruises. The rash may first appear on the buttocks and lower legs, but can spread to other parts of the body. It may also be accompanied by itching or burning.
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2. Joint pain and swelling
Another common symptom of HSP is joint pain and swelling, particularly in the knees and ankles. The joints may feel stiff and tender, and the pain may worsen with movement. In some cases, joint symptoms may be the first sign of HSP.
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3. Abdominal pain
Abdominal pain is also a common symptom of HSP, especially in children. The pain may be diffuse or localized to the lower abdomen, and may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. In severe cases, there may be blood in the stool.
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4. Kidney problems
In some cases, HSP can affect the kidneys, resulting in protein or blood in the urine. This may present as foamy urine, dark urine, or swelling in the legs, ankles, and around the eyes. Kidney involvement is more common in adults with HSP.
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5. Fever
Many people with HSP experience a low-grade fever, particularly at the onset of the condition. The fever may be accompanied by chills, sweating, and general malaise. Monitoring and managing fever is important in HSP treatment.
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6. Nausea and vomiting
Some individuals with HSP may also experience nausea and vomiting, which can be especially concerning in children. These symptoms are generally linked to the abdominal pain and may resolve with treatment of the underlying inflammation.
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7. Blood in the stool
Blood in the stool, known as rectal bleeding or melena, can occur in severe cases of HSP. This is often due to the inflammation and damage to the blood vessels in the intestines. It is important to seek medical attention if you notice blood in the stool.
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8. Testicular or scrotal pain
In rare cases, HSP may cause pain and swelling in the testicles or scrotum. This may be alarming, especially in young boys, but it generally resolves with treatment of the underlying condition.
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9. Purple or red spots in the mouth
Some individuals with HSP may develop purpura or petechiae in the mouth, particularly on the soft palate or the inside of the cheeks. These spots may be painless but should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
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10. Eye pain and redness
In rare cases, HSP can cause inflammation in the blood vessels of the eyes, resulting in eye pain, redness, and sensitivity to light. This can be a serious complication and requires immediate medical attention.
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In conclusion, Henoch-Schönlein purpura can present with a variety of symptoms, affecting the skin, joints, abdomen, kidneys, and other organs. If you or your child experiences any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
