Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a rare type of cancer that affects the digestive system. It can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, but it is most commonly found in the stomach or small intestine. GISTs are caused by mutations in the genes responsible for controlling cell growth, which leads to the formation of tumors in the gastrointestinal tissues.
Like many cancers, GIST may not cause any symptoms in the early stages. However, as the tumor grows larger or spreads to other parts of the body, it can begin to produce noticeable symptoms. Recognizing the signs of GIST is important for early diagnosis and treatment. Here are some common symptoms of gastrointestinal stromal tumor:
Abdominal Pain
One of the most common symptoms of GIST is persistent or recurring abdominal pain. The pain may be dull and achy, or it could be sharp and severe, depending on the size and location of the tumor. Some patients may experience cramping, bloating, or a feeling of fullness after eating, especially if the tumor is in the stomach.
Bleeding
GISTs can cause bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, which can lead to symptoms such as black, tarry stools (indicating blood in the stool), or vomiting blood. Anemia, a condition characterized by a low red blood cell count, may also occur as a result of chronic bleeding from the tumor.
Difficulty Swallowing
If a GIST is located in the esophagus or near the upper part of the stomach, it can cause difficulty swallowing, a sensation of food getting stuck in the throat, or pain when swallowing. These symptoms may be more noticeable when eating solid foods, but they can also occur with liquids.
Nausea and Vomiting
Some people with GIST may experience persistent nausea and vomiting, particularly if the tumor is large or causing a blockage in the digestive tract. These symptoms can lead to weight loss, dehydration, and weakness if left untreated.
Feeling Full Quickly
Patients with GIST may feel full after eating only a small amount of food, a condition known as early satiety. This symptom can be caused by the presence of a tumor in the stomach or intestines, which can hinder the normal passage of food through the digestive system.
Unexplained Weight Loss
Rapid, unexplained weight loss is a common symptom of many types of cancer, including GIST. If a tumor is diverting the body’s resources and causing a decrease in appetite, it can lead to unintended weight loss over a relatively short period of time.
Fatigue
Fatigue and weakness can occur in people with GIST due to the physical and emotional toll of living with cancer. Anemia, malnutrition, and the body’s efforts to fight the tumor can all contribute to feelings of tiredness and exhaustion.
Jaundice
If a GIST is located near the liver or bile ducts, it can cause jaundice, a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes. This occurs when the tumor obstructs the flow of bile, causing a buildup of bilirubin in the blood.
Constipation or Diarrhea
Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhea, can be a sign of a GIST, especially if the tumor is causing a blockage or irritation in the intestines. These symptoms may come and go, depending on the size and location of the tumor.
Palpable Mass
In some cases, a GIST may grow large enough to be felt as a lump or mass in the abdomen. This can be a visible or palpable sign of the tumor, especially if it is located in the stomach or near the surface of the abdomen.
